狄诺塞麦如何注射？

It is the first approved monoclonal antibody specifically targeting RANK ligand. RANK ligand is a transmembrane or soluble protein that is necessary for osteoclasts to maintain their structure, function, and survival. Human RANKL mRNA is mainly found in bones, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Its main function in bones is to stimulate the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and inhibit the apoptosis of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, and osteoclast precursors must have low levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL during their differentiation into mature osteoclasts. Denosumab has a high affinity with RANKL, preventing RANK ligand from activating RANK on the surface of osteoclasts, inhibiting osteoclast activation and development, reducing bone resorption, increasing bone density and bone strength of both cortical bone and trabecular bone, promoting bone reconstruction, and reducing the incidence of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

On May 28, 2010, the European Commission approved denosumab for the treatment of bone loss associated with hormone suppression in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and prostate cancer. It can also be used in patients who are currently ineffective or intolerant to other treatments to reduce the risk of fractures.

How should denosumab be injected?

Denosumab can only be given by subcutaneous injection, not by intravenous infusion, intramuscular infusion or intradermal injection. Solid tumor bone metastases: 120 mg administered subcutaneously in the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen every 4 weeks. Giant cell tumor of bone: 120 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks, followed by 120 mg on days 8 and 15 during the first month of treatment. Malignant hypercalcemia: 120 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks, followed by a further 120 mg on days 8 and 15 during the first month of treatment. The medication is injected under the skin in the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen.

Pregnancy: Based on animal data, fetal harm may occur. Pregnancy monitoring programs are available. Nursing Mothers: Breast development and lactation may be impaired. Discontinue medication or breastfeeding. Pediatric Patients: Safety and effectiveness have not been established. Renal Impairment: Patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or receiving dialysis are at risk for hypocalcemia. Appropriate supplement of calcium and vitamin D.