盐酸纳洛酮鼻喷剂(Narcan)的副作用:严重不良反应,常见副作用,副作用管理

Opioids may last longer than naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray. This means breathing problems and drowsiness may return, and it is important to call emergency services immediately after giving the first dose of naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray.

Serious side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray

If you have any of the following side effects while using Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray, please consult your doctor immediately:

(1) Restlessness, body pain, chest pain, cough (sometimes coughing up pink frothy sputum), (baby) crying more than usual, diarrhea, difficulty breathing or difficulty breathing;

(2) Excessive crying, fast, violent or irregular heartbeat, fever, goosebumps, increased and excessive involuntary movements or twitches, irregular breathing (too fast, too slow or shallow), irritability;

(3) Nausea or vomiting, nervousness, pale or cyanotic lips, nails or skin, restlessness, runny nose, seizures, trembling, sneezing, sweating, swelling of legs and ankles, tremors, fatigue, yawning.

Side effects for medical personnel

General adverse events

May trigger sudden withdrawal symptoms in people with physical dependence on opioids. Symptoms and signs may include:

Body pain , fever, sweating, sneezing, yawning, nausea, vomiting, sweating, tearing, runny nose, abdominal cramps, insomnia, chills/hot flashes, piloerection (goose bumps), tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness, irritability, tremors, hypertension, seizures, and cardiac arrest. Opioid withdrawal symptoms in newborns may also include convulsions, excessive crying, and hyperreflexia.

Cardiovascular system

Common (1% to 10%): tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension.

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): arrhythmia, bradycardia.

Rare (less than 0.1%): ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest.

Unknown frequency: left heart failure, facial flushing.

In postoperative patients, many of whom have cardiovascular disease, reported cardiovascular side effects include hypotension, hypertension, atrial and ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, left heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as possible secondary to these events.

Nervous system

Common (1% to 10%): dizziness, headache

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): tremor

Rare (less than 0.1%): epileptic seizures

Unknown frequency: coma, encephalopathy, convulsions, paresthesias, grand mal epilepsy.

Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported following sudden reversal of opioid suppression after surgery, primarily in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease or in patients concurrently taking other drugs with similar cardiovascular adverse effects.

Respiratory system

Extremely rare (less than 0.01%): pulmonary edema.

Unknown frequency: dyspnea, respiratory depression, hypoxia, dry nose, nasal edema, nasal congestion, nasal inflammation.

Some people believe that pulmonary edema may be caused by the centrally mediated release of large amounts of catecholamines, which leads to a sharp shift of blood volume to the pulmonary vascular bed, thereby increasing hydrostatic pressure.

In clinical trials of naloxone nasal spray, the most common adverse reactions included nasal dryness, nasal edema, nasal congestion, and nasal inflammation.

Local reactions

Unknown frequency: non-specific injection site reactions, vascular irritation after intravenous administration.

Gastrointestinal tract

Common (1% to 10%): nausea and vomiting.

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Diarrhea, dry mouth.

Skin

Extremely rare (less than 0.01%): erythema multiforme.

Unknown frequency: sweating.

Anaphylaxis

Extremely rare (less than 0.01%): allergic reactions, including urticaria, rhinitis, dyspnea, angioedema, and anaphylactic shock.

Psychic system

Unknown frequency: restlessness, hallucinations, tremors.

Musculoskeletal system

Frequency unknown: Musculoskeletal pain.

In clinical trials of naloxone nasal spray, musculoskeletal pain was one of the more common adverse reactions.