地舒单抗的功效和副作用？

Osteoporosis is a relatively common skeletal system disease, and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is the most common type of osteoporosis. According to the National Health Commission's China Osteoporosis Epidemiological Survey, the prevalence of osteoporosis among people over 50 years old in my country reaches 19.2%, and it is as high as 32.1% among women. The prevalence of osteoporosis in women is three times that of men. It is a new type of anti-osteoporosis biological agent. It is an immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody that can reduce bone resorption and increase bone density in the body by binding to human nuclear factor κB receptor-activating ligand. Research results show that denosumab has a good effect on PMOP. So, what are the efficacy and side effects of denosumab?

The efficacy of denosumab

Desosumab is a highly specific monoclonal antibody against RANKL. By binding to RANKL in the body, it prevents RANKL from binding to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) on the surface of osteoclasts, thereby reducing the recruitment and differentiation of osteoclasts, leading to reduced bone resorption. Literature reports that subcutaneous injection of denosumab once every 6 months can significantly reduce the incidence of new vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Hiramatsu et al found that high bone turnover is an independent risk factor for hypocalcemia caused by denosumab. It is currently believed that the occurrence of hypocalcemia may be similar to the "bone hunger syndrome" after parathyroidectomy, that is, hemodialysis patients have active bone metabolism under the stimulation of high parathyroid hormone. The use of denosumab blocks bone resorption, but bone formation and bone mineralization continue, caused by the continuous inflow of blood calcium and blood phosphorus into the bone.

Desosumab side effects

Mainly found in experiments are back pain, limb pain, hypercholesterolemia, cystitis, musculoskeletal pain, atrial fibrillation, peripheral edema, pharyngitis, pneumonia, abdominal pain, flatulence, herpes zoster, upper respiratory tract infection, insomnia, weakness, rash, spinal osteoarthritis, sciatica, itching, dizziness, anemia, angina pectoris, gastroesophageal reflux disease, etc.

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