What is the mechanism of action of Ixazomib capsules? How to exert anti-tumor effect

Ixazomib (Ixazomib) capsule is an oral proteasome inhibitor, mainly used to treat multiple myeloma. It is the first drug of its kind approved for oral use. Its main mechanism of action is to interfere with the protein degradation process in tumor cells by reversibly inhibiting the β5 subunit of the 26S proteasome. Tumor cells produce a large amount of misfolded or damaged proteins due to rapid proliferation and rely on the proteasome to maintain protein homeostasis. The intervention of ixazomib will cause the accumulation of these abnormal proteins in cells, triggering cell stress and apoptosis.

Specifically, ixazomib blocks the function of the proteasome so that intracellular ubiquitin-tagged proteins cannot be degraded in time, which will interfere with the cycle regulation, DNA repair and signal transduction mechanisms of tumor cells. At the same time, it can also inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway that is closely related to the survival of tumor cells. NF-κB is continuously active in multiple myeloma and is an important factor in maintaining cell growth and anti-apoptosis. The interference of ixazomib will further promote cancer cells to undergo programmed death.

In clinical use, ixazomib is often used in combination with lenalidomide (Lenalidomide) and dexamethasone (Dexamethasone) to treat patients with multiple myeloma who have previously received treatment. The advantage of this triple regimen is that it not only inhibits the growth of cancer cells, but also enhances the immune response and slows down the emergence of drug resistance. As an oral drug, ixazomib is more convenient to administer, improves patient compliance, and helps long-term treatment management.

In general, ixazomib achieves anti-tumor purposes by interfering with protein metabolism and key signaling pathways in tumor cells and inducing cell apoptosis. Its mechanism of action is similar to the first-generation proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Bortezomib), but it has the advantages of oral administration and different pharmacokinetic characteristics, providing a new option for personalized treatment of multiple myeloma. As more research progresses, ixazomib may be expanded to the combination treatment of other hematological tumors or solid tumors in the future.

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