What are the side effects of pomalidomide capsules?

Pomalidomide (Pomalidomide) is an immunomodulator that is mainly used to treat patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) . Its mechanism of action includes enhancing the activity of T cells and natural killer cells, while inhibiting angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting the growth and spread of cancer cells. Although pomalidomide has shown efficacy in the treatment of multiple myeloma, due to its extensive effects on the immune system and blood system, patients may suffer from a variety of adverse reactions during use, and these reactions place high demands on clinical management.

1. The most common adverse reactions are hematology-related problems, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. These changes may increase the risk of infection and bleeding, so during medication, doctors usually monitor blood routine regularly and adjust the dose or delay medication according to the patient's specific conditions.

2. Non-hematological side effects also need to be paid attention to, such as fatigue, weakness, fever and other systemic symptoms. These symptoms may be related to bone marrow suppression and immune regulation.

3. Nervous system and skin reactions are also relatively common, including numbness, tingling, rash and itching of the hands and feet, which may sometimes affect the patient's quality of life.

4. Although the incidence of abnormal liver function or renal function is low, it may occur in patients with previous underlying diseases. Liver and renal indicators should be monitored regularly when using pomalidomide.

5. In terms of cardiovascular disease, a small number of patients may develop venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, so anticoagulation prophylaxis may be required in high-risk patients.

6. Pomalidomide has obvious teratogenic risks to the fetus and is strictly prohibited for use by pregnant women. Female patients with childbearing potential and their male partners must take strict contraceptive measures during and after treatment.

Overall, pomalidomide has clear efficacy in controlling multiple myeloma, but management of side effects is critical. Standardized hematology, liver and kidney function and cardiovascular monitoring, as well as patient education and risk warnings, are the keys to ensuring safe medication use and maintaining therapeutic effects.

Keyword tags: pomalidomide Side effects Multiple myeloma Hematological adverse reactions Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Immunomodulator Safe medication Liver and kidney function monitoring Cardiovascular risk

Reference materials:https://www.myeloma.org/pomalyst-pomalidomide