What is Nivolumab pd1

Nivolumab (Nivolumab) is a fully human monoclonal IgG4 antibody that binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor with high specificity and affinity. PD-1 is expressed on T cells and inhibits their immune response by binding to the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 on APCs. This mechanism is key to regulating central and peripheral tolerance. In cancer, abnormal PD-L1 expression by tumor cells or immune cells in the tumor microenvironment inactivates PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, allowing tumor cells to evade immune recognition and clearance. By inhibiting PD-1 function, nivolumab frees immune cells from pathological immunosuppression, allowing them to recognize and fight tumor cells.