盐酸缬更昔洛韦片常见副作用

It is an oral anti-cytomegalovirus infection drug developed by the Swiss company Roche. It was approved by the US FDA in May 2001. Valcyte is clinically used to treat acute retinitis caused by CMV infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In May 2003, its indications were expanded. Valcyte is used to prevent and treat secondary CMV infection in organ transplant recipients. On August 11, 2010, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY), announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved valganciclovir hydrochloride (Valcyte) for the treatment of adult kidney transplant patients at high risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease.

Although its therapeutic effect is remarkable, some side effects cannot be avoided during use. Let’s take a look at the following side effects of this medicine:

In a randomized, open-label clinical trial, 158 patients were randomized to receive oral valganciclovir 900 mg or intravenous ganciclovir 5 mg·kg-1, bid, then changed to qd after 3 weeks, and then treated for 1 week. Tolerability of induction therapy with oral valganciclovir and intravenous ganciclovir was similar. The main adverse reactions include diarrhea (16% vs 10%), neutropenia (11% vs 13%), nausea (8% vs 14%), headache (9% vs 5%), and anemia (8% vs 8%). When 370 patients took daily oral valganciclovir maintenance therapy (68% of patients were treated for more than 9 months, and the longest was 36 months), the adverse reactions that occurred included diarrhea, fever, nausea, neutropenia, anemia, headache, vomiting, insomnia, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, and retinal detachment. Increased serum creatinine (>15 mg·L-1) occurred in 15% of patients. This product is contraindicated in those allergic to ganciclovir or valganciclovir. It is prohibited for those with neutrophil count <500, blood count <25,000, hemoglobin concentration <80g·L-1, and hemodialysis patients. Patients with renal insufficiency should use this product with caution and adjust the dosage appropriately.