狄诺塞麦是一种什么药物？

What kind of drug is (denosumab)? What diseases does it mainly treat? Let the editor take you to see it below.

Denosumab (denosumab) is a bone resorption inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action. It specifically targets receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANK), inhibits the activation and development of osteoclasts, reduces bone resorption, and increases bone density.

Giant cell tumor of bone is a histologically benign but often aggressive skeletal tumor that mostly occurs in young adults aged 20 to 40 years old. The incidence rate in women is slightly higher than that in men, accounting for about 56.4%. Globally, giant cell tumor of bone accounts for approximately 4%-5% of all primary bone tumors. Compared with European and American populations, it is more common in China, accounting for approximately 20% of all primary bone tumors. Although the vast majority of giant cell tumors of bone are benign tumors, if left untreated, they often cause complete destruction of the affected bone, leading to fractures, joint dysfunction, or amputation.

Giant cell tumor of bone is composed of stromal cells expressing RANKL and osteoclast-like giant cells expressing RANK receptors. Its pathogenesis is that overexpression of RANKL causes tumor growth and bone destruction. RANKL is a transmembrane or soluble protein necessary for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts; osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, thereby regulating bone calcium release. Denosumab (denosumab) is a human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) monoclonal antibody with high specificity and affinity for RANKL. RANK receptor signaling promotes osteolysis and tumor growth. Denosumab (denosumab) inhibits tumor growth and reduces bone destruction by binding to RANKL and preventing it from activating RANK on the surface of osteoclasts, osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-like giant cells.

In January 2018, the FDA approved denosumab (denosumab) to treat SREs in patients with multiple myeloma. Denosumab (denosumab) also received orphan drug designation for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone and malignant hypercalcemia.

At the same time, in 2018, denosumab (denosumab) injection was included in the list of overseas new drugs in urgent clinical need (first batch) and entered the rapid review channel of the National Medical Products Administration. This approval makes (denosumab) the first and currently the only drug for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone, bringing patients an innovative treatment option to control disease progression and improve quality of life.

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