阿布西替尼治疗特应性皮炎的疗效解读

Introduction: Abrocitinib is a highly selective JAK1 inhibitor used to treat adults and adolescent patients 12 years and older with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). The drug effectively relieves inflammation and itching symptoms by blocking JAK1-mediated transmission of a variety of cytokines related to the pathogenesis of AD. Abxitinib has shown good efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe AD, providing patients with a new treatment option.

Mechanism of action

It is an oral JAK1 selective inhibitor that inhibits several key cytokine signaling pathways known to play an important role in the pathophysiological characteristics of atopic dermatitis, including IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and interferon-γ. The Janus kinase (JAK) family is a group of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that mediate signaling pathways activated by various cytokines. By affecting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, JAK1 is involved in numerous processes of cell proliferation and differentiation.

JAK phosphorylates and activates signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), thereby regulating intracellular activities, including gene expression. Inhibition of JAK1 regulates these signaling pathways by preventing STAT phosphorylation and activation.

Efficacy of Absitinib in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

According to the latest meta-analysis in 2023, Absitinib is both effective and safe in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adolescents and adults, and can quickly relieve itching and reduce the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Both the 100 mg and 200 mg doses of abrocitinib had better outcomes than placebo. In another meta-analysis that included 2,256 patients from three different studies, abositinib improved severity index scores even in the second week of treatment. Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) response also occurred more quickly at week 2 with abisitinib treatment, and there was early relief of itch at two weeks. In other studies, abisitinib achieved rapid relief of itching after four days of treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Contraindications

Animal studies with abrutinib have shown reproductive toxicity. The active ingredient of abrutinib is excreted in breast milk and risks to the neonate or infant cannot be excluded. Therefore, abrutinib should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. In addition, it is contraindicated if you are allergic to the active ingredient or any component of abrutinib. Abrutinib should also be contraindicated in patients with active, severe systemic infections, including tuberculosis, and severe hepatic dysfunction.