利特昔替尼(ritlecitinib)的副作用有哪些?

Side effects of ritlecitinib

Common side effects of ritlecitinib include headaches Pain, diarrhea, acne, rash, stomatitis, urticaria, folliculitis, fever, atopic dermatitis, dizziness, increased blood creatine phosphokinase, herpes zoster, decreased red blood cell count, etc. The patient's physique and condition are different, and the side effects after taking the medication are also different.

Measures for dealing with side effects of ritlecitinib

1. Treatment of skin discomfort:

Patients can try to use mild skin care products to avoid exposure to irritating environments. If discomfort persists or worsens, you should report it to your doctor promptly. Pay attention to keeping the skin clean and dry, and avoid excessive scratching.

2. Treatment of digestive system problems:

If gastrointestinal discomfort occurs, including abdominal pain, nausea and other symptoms, you should stop taking the medication immediately and consult a doctor. If diarrhea occurs, you need to drink more water. If the diarrhea is severe, it can be treated with medication under the guidance of a doctor.

3. Treatment of headache and dizziness:

If you experience headache or dizziness during medication, you should stop taking the medication immediately and consult a doctor. Your doctor may recommend appropriate medications to relieve symptoms.

4. If the increase in blood creatine phosphokinase and the decrease in red blood cell count persists or worsens:

The doctor may require further examination to determine the cause of the increase and take corresponding treatment measures.

5. If herpes zoster occurs:

Stop medication immediately and consult a doctor. Your doctor may recommend appropriate antiviral medications to treat shingles.

Efficacy of ritlecitinib

ritlecitinib is a dual-channel inhibitor of the JAK3/TEC kinase family developed by Pfizer of the United States. It irreversibly inhibits the JAK3 and TEC kinase families by blocking the ATP binding site. It is used to treat alopecia areata in adolescents and adults aged 12 years and above. Although JAK inhibitors, such as ritexitinib, may inhibit the inflammatory pathways activated in alopecia areata, their exact mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.

Precautions for ritlecitinib

1. It is prohibited to be used in patients known to be allergic to ritlecitinib or any of its excipients.

2. Serious infection occurred in patients treated with ritlecitinib. Monitor patients closely for the development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with ritlecitinib. Interrupt ritlecitinib if the patient develops a serious or opportunistic infection.

3. Viral reactivation has been reported in clinical trials, including cases of herpes virus reactivation (e.g., shingles). If a patient develops herpes zoster, consider interrupting treatment until the episode resolves.

4. Patients should be informed of the symptoms of serious cardiovascular events and the measures to be taken when they occur. Discontinue ritlecitinib in patients who have experienced myocardial infarction or stroke.

5. For patients who may have an increased risk of thrombosis, the use of ritlecitinib should be avoided. If symptoms of thrombosis or embolism occur, patients should discontinue ritlecitinib and undergo prompt evaluation and appropriate treatment.

6. The use of live attenuated vaccines should be avoided during or shortly before starting treatment. Before initiating ritlecitinib, advise patients to receive all immunizations according to current immunization guidelines, including prophylactic herpes zoster vaccination.

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