What diseases are dupilumab/dalbitux mainly used to treat?

Dupilumab (dupilumab) is a targeted biological agent with multiple indications. Its mechanism of action is based on blocking the IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways and regulating the inflammatory response from the root cause. Since it was first approved in 2017, the scope of indications has been continuously expanded and now covers a variety of chronic immune-related diseases of the skin, respiratory system and digestive system.

In the treatment of atopic dermatitis, dupilumab is the first biological agent targeting IL-4/IL-13. It can significantly improve the area of rash and itching, restore skin barrier function, and reduce recurrences. Secondly, for patients with moderate to severe asthma, especially those with elevated eosinophils or those that rely on hormone control, dupilumab can significantly reduce the risk of acute exacerbations and improve respiratory function.

In terms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), the drug can reduce the size of nasal polyps, improve the symptoms of loss of smell and nasal congestion, and is considered an important treatment option other than surgery. In recent years, the indications of dupilumab have also been expanded to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), which is the first targeted drug approved by the FDA for this disease. In addition, it is also used to treat prurigo nodularis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic spontaneous urticaria, bullous pemphigoid and other diseases, showing good efficacy in a variety of refractory inflammations.

From a mechanism perspective, the common pathological feature of these diseases is overactivity of the Th2 immune pathway Duplimumabby inhibitingIL-4 and IL-13, reduces the release of inflammatory mediators and reduces abnormal immune system responses, thereby achieving cross-system disease control. Its multi-target and multi-system therapeutic properties make it one of the immunotherapy drugs that attracts the most attention in the world.

To sum up, dupilumab is no longer limited to a single disease, but has become a type of biologic agent with "multiple indications". With the advancement of clinical research and medical insurance policies, dupilumab is expected to exert broader clinical value in the fields of skin, respiratory and immune diseases.

Reference materials:https://www.drugs.com