纳呋拉啡的功效与作用是什么

Nafurafine was developed by Toray Co., Ltd. of Japan and is used to improve pruritus in hemodialysis patients. It has been approved for marketing by the China State Food and Drug Administration in July 2023. Nafurapine is a selective opioid kappa receptor agonist used for refractory pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Both dialysis patients and patients with chronic liver disease can be treated with nalfurapine.

Clinical applications in foreign countries have found that nalfurapine can significantly improve patients' sleep quality problems and refractory skin itching, and it still has obvious effects on hemodialysis pruritus that is resistant to existing treatments.

Hemodialysis patients are often accompanied by complications such as anemia, hypertension, abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, hyperparathyroidism, and pruritus. Research shows that within 12 weeks after starting treatment with nalfurapine, 82.50% of patients' pruritus was relieved. After one year of continuous use, 84.95% of patients were still effective in receiving the drug.

Regarding the safety of nalfuraphine, only 10.69% of patients experienced treatment-related adverse reactions, most of them were tolerable, and no patient became dependent on nalfuraphine hydrochloride.

Nafuraphine inhibits the itching behavior of mice induced by intradermal injection of histamine, which is effective with existing antipruritic drugs and antihistamines, and the itching behavior of mice induced by substance P, which is ineffective with intradermal injection of antihistamines. In addition, it also suppressed the itch behavior in mice induced by morphine administration in a large tank, which is a model of central itch in which antihistamines are ineffective.

The dosage of nalfurapine is usually taken orally after dinner or before going to bed, 2.5 μg per time for adults, once a day. In addition, the dose can be increased according to symptoms, but it is limited to 5 μg once a day.

Common side effects of nalfurapine include significant elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, liver dysfunction, jaundice, etc. with alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, etc. It may also cause headache, irritability, hallucinations, insomnia, floating dizziness, dysarthria, numbness, unsteadiness, pressure leg syndrome, delirium, irritability, etc.

It is contraindicated in patients with a history of allergy to the ingredients of this product; it should be used with caution in patients with severe (Child-Pugh Class C) liver damage. It is recommended that patients read the instructions carefully before taking the medication, use the medication under the guidance of a doctor, and treat symptoms accordingly.

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