What is the mechanism of action of the targeted therapy cabozantinib? How to inhibit cancer cell growth

Cabozantinib is a multi-target small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that mainly interferes with the proliferation, angiogenesis and changes of the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting the activity of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, thereby inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. The mechanism of action of cabozantinib is complex, involving the intervention of multiple signaling pathways, and mainly acts on multiple targets closely related to tumor growth and metastasis.

One of the main mechanisms of action of cabozantinib is to reduce angiogenesis by inhibiting the activity of **vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) **. VEGFR is an essential factor during the growth of tumor cells. It provides nutrients and oxygen to tumors by promoting the formation of tumor blood vessels. Cabozantinib inhibits the activation of VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 receptors, blocks the angiogenesis pathway and reduces the formation of new blood vessels in tumor tissue, thereby reducing the growth rate of tumor cells and limiting the spread and metastasis of tumors.

Another major mechanism of cabozantinib is to inhibitMET receptor tyrosine kinase. METThe receptor is overactivated in a variety of tumors, especially in liver cancer, renal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and other types of tumors. The activation of the MET signaling pathway is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Cabozantinib reduces the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells by inhibiting the activation of MET receptors, thereby effectively reducing the risk of tumor metastasis.

Cabotinib also has inhibitory effects on the RET (proto-oncogene) and Axl (receptor tyrosine kinase) signaling pathways. The RET signaling pathway plays an important role in some specific types of cancer (such as thyroid cancer), and the Axl pathway is closely related to the growth, survival and resistance to treatment of tumor cells. By inhibiting these pathways, cabozantinib effectively slows tumor cell growth and increases the cells' sensitivity to other treatments.

Cabozantinib also indirectly inhibits tumor growth by changing the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Cabozantinib can reduce the activity of tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor immune cells, and reduce the immunosuppressive effect in the tumor microenvironment. By inhibiting the function of these tumor-supporting cells, cabozantinib improves the ability of immune cells to recognize and kill tumor cells, thereby helping to control tumor expansion and metastasis.

Reference:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabozantinib