昂丹司琼片使用说明书

Ondansetron (trade name: Zofran) is a potent and highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and a powerful antiemetic. Cancer chemotherapy drugs can cause the vomiting center in the intestine and medulla oblongata to release 5-HT3, activate 5-HT3 receptors, and cause nausea and vomiting. The tablet exerts antiemetic effects by blocking peripheral and central nervous system $5-HT3 receptors and is used to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Ondansetron was first developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in 1990. In 2014, Novartis acquired GSK’s oncology business, and the products involved include ondansetron hydrochloride injection. Ondansetron was approved by the FDA for marketing in the United States in February 1991. my country began importing the product in 1990, and domestically produced ondansetron injection and tablets were launched in 1997.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause chromaffin cells in the small intestine to release serotonin (5-HT), which can cause vagal afferent nerve excitation through 5-HT3 receptors, leading to the gag reflex. Ondansetron can block the occurrence of this reflex. This effect is 100 times stronger than the traditional antiemetic drug metoclopramide. Excitation of vagal afferents can also cause the release of 5-HT in the posterior rami of the fourth ventricle, which can also trigger vomiting through central mechanisms. At the same time, ondansetron can also enhance gastric emptying at antiemetic doses and help reduce nausea; it also has anxiolytic and diazepam effects on the central nervous system, which is helpful in inhibiting the excitement of the vomiting center.

Ondansetron tablets are highly effective in treating vomiting caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy (effectiveness rate 69%-85%). In the prevention of vomiting caused by moderate to high emetogenic chemotherapy drugs, the recommended dosage of ondansetron is 16-24 mg orally or 8-16 mg intravenously on day 1, and 8 mg twice daily or 16 mg once daily orally or 8-16 mg intravenously on day 2. The recommended dose for rescue treatment is 16 mg orally or intravenously once daily. The intravenous dosage of ondansetron should not exceed 16 mg.

Note: The above information comes from the Internet and is compiled and edited by Medical Companion Travel (please correct me if there are any errors or omissions). It is only to provide information on the latest drugs on the market in the world and help Chinese patients understand the latest international new drug trends. It is only for internal discussion among medical staff and does not serve as any basis for medication. For specific medication guidelines, please consult the attending physician.

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